Zv\u011bt\u0161ovac\u00ed pu\u0161kohled pln\u00ed dv\u011b funkce najednou: p\u0159ibli\u017euje obraz c\u00edle a p\u0159ekr\u00fdv\u00e1 jej z\u00e1m\u011brn\u00fdm obrazcem, kter\u00e9mu se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 osnova. V\u00fdb\u011br se zu\u017euje na pochopen\u00ed n\u011bkolika pojm\u016f \u2013 zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00ed, ohniskov\u00e1 rovina, osnova, vzd\u00e1lenost v\u00fdstupn\u00ed pupily a paralaxa \u2013 a jejich p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenostem, na kter\u00e9 skute\u010dn\u011b st\u0159\u00edl\u00edte. Tento pr\u016fvodce vysv\u011btluje ka\u017ed\u00fd z nich srozumiteln\u00fdm jazykem.<\/p>\n
Ka\u017ed\u00fd pu\u0161kohled je pops\u00e1n sv\u00fdm zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00edm a pr\u016fm\u011brem p\u0159edn\u00ed \u010do\u010dky, tedy objektivu. Pu\u0161kohled s pevn\u00fdm zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00edm<\/strong> m\u00e1 pouze jednu \u00farove\u0148 zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00ed. Zapisuje se jako hodnota zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00ed n\u00e1sledovan\u00e1 velikost\u00ed objektivu \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad 2,5×34 znamen\u00e1 zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00ed 2,5x s objektivem o pr\u016fm\u011bru 34 mm. Pu\u0161kohled s prom\u011bnn\u00fdm zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00edm<\/strong> pokr\u00fdv\u00e1 ur\u010dit\u00fd rozsah, nap\u0159\u00edklad 3-9×40: 3x na spodn\u00ed hranici, 9x na horn\u00ed hranici a 40 mm objektiv. Kdy\u017e na krabici vid\u00edte \u201e1-6×24\u201c, pom\u016f\u017ee, kdy\u017e si to p\u0159e\u010dtete nahlas \u2013 zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00ed 1x a\u017e 6x, objektiv 24 mm \u2013 aby se v\u00e1m zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00ed a velikost objektivu nikdy nepletly.<\/p>\n V\u00fdrobci n\u011bkdy p\u0159id\u00e1vaj\u00ed kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 zkratky jako LER (dlouh\u00e1 vzd\u00e1lenost v\u00fdstupn\u00ed pupily), AO (nastaviteln\u00fd objektiv) nebo IR (podsv\u00edcen\u00e1 osnova). Pu\u0161kohledy s pevn\u00fdm zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00edm jsou mechanicky jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed a maj\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b pohybliv\u00fdch \u010do\u010dek; pu\u0161kohledy s prom\u011bnn\u00fdm zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00edm m\u011bn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st t\u00e9to jednoduchosti za flexibilitu p\u0159izp\u016fsobit se c\u00edl\u016fm od bl\u00edzk\u00fdch po vzd\u00e1len\u00e9, a proto je v\u011bt\u0161ina modern\u00edch pu\u0161ek osazena vari\u00e1blem. Sortiment, kter\u00fd nab\u00edz\u00edme, si m\u016f\u017eete prohl\u00e9dnout v na\u0161\u00ed kategorii pu\u0161kohled\u016f<\/a>.<\/p>\n Znalost jednotliv\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed usnad\u0148uje popis pu\u0161kohledu a pochopen\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f:<\/p>\n LPVO je pu\u0161kohled s prom\u011bnn\u00fdm zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00edm, jeho\u017e rozsah za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 na hodnot\u011b 1x nebo velmi bl\u00edzko n\u00ed. Pr\u00e1v\u011b tato spodn\u00ed hranice rozsahu je ur\u010duj\u00edc\u00edm znakem: skute\u010dn\u00e9 zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00ed 1x<\/strong> umo\u017e\u0148uje st\u0159\u00edlet na kr\u00e1tkou vzd\u00e1lenost s ob\u011bma o\u010dima otev\u0159en\u00fdma, t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 jako s kolim\u00e1torem. Zachov\u00e1v\u00e1 si \u0161irok\u00e9 zorn\u00e9 pole a situa\u010dn\u00ed pov\u011bdom\u00ed, na kter\u00e9m z\u00e1vis\u00ed pr\u00e1ce zbl\u00edzka. Pokud je minim\u00e1ln\u00ed nastaven\u00ed znateln\u011b nad nebo pod hodnotou 1x, je st\u0159elba s ob\u011bma o\u010dima otev\u0159en\u00fdma obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n V\u011bt\u0161ina pu\u0161kohled\u016f typu LPVO nab\u00edz\u00ed podsv\u00edcenou osnovu. St\u0159edov\u00fd bod, kter\u00fd je viditeln\u00fd i za denn\u00edho sv\u011btla, umo\u017e\u0148uje optice chovat se p\u0159i zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00ed 1x podobn\u011b jako kolim\u00e1tor, zat\u00edmco vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00ed dod\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159esnost, kterou kolim\u00e1tor nab\u00eddnout nedok\u00e1\u017ee. Proto\u017ee je osnova leptan\u00e1 do skla, zachov\u00e1te si pou\u017eiteln\u00fd z\u00e1m\u011brn\u00fd bod i v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee se vybije baterie p\u0159\u00edsvitu \u2013 podsv\u00edcen\u00ed osnovu pouze dopl\u0148uje, m\u00edsto aby bylo jedin\u00fdm z\u00e1m\u011brn\u00fdm bodem. B\u011b\u017en\u011b se vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed LPVO se zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00edm 1-4x, 1-6x, 1-8x a 1-10x; v praxi jsou obl\u00edben\u00e9 modely 1-6x a 1-8x, kter\u00e9 vyva\u017euj\u00ed rychlost na kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti a p\u0159esnost na st\u0159edn\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenosti.<\/p>\n Ohniskov\u00e1 rovina ur\u010duje, kde je osnova um\u00edst\u011bna v\u016f\u010di zv\u011bt\u0161ovac\u00edm \u010do\u010dk\u00e1m, a m\u011bn\u00ed to, jak se chovaj\u00ed zna\u010dky pro p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed z\u00e1m\u011brn\u00e9ho bodu.<\/p>\n Klik\u00e1n\u00ed kom\u00ednk\u016f funguje p\u0159i jak\u00e9mkoli zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00ed u obou konstrukc\u00ed. Ohniskov\u00e1 rovina ovliv\u0148uje pouze p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed bodu na osnov\u011b.<\/p>\n Osnova tvo\u0159\u00ed z\u00e1m\u011brn\u00fd obrazec a jej\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00fd v\u00fdb\u011br pro dan\u00fd \u00fakol je stejn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd jako samotn\u00e1 optika:<\/p>\n Vzd\u00e1lenost v\u00fdstupn\u00ed pupily (eye relief)<\/strong> je vzd\u00e1lenost, ve kter\u00e9 mus\u00ed b\u00fdt va\u0161e oko od okul\u00e1ru, abyste vid\u011bli cel\u00e9 zorn\u00e9 pole bez \u010dern\u00fdch okraj\u016f (st\u00edn\u016f) \u2013 zhruba 3,5\u20134 palce p\u0159i minim\u00e1ln\u00edm zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00ed, klesaj\u00edc\u00ed k p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 2,5\u20133 palc\u016fm p\u0159i maxim\u00e1ln\u00edm zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00ed. Spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 vzd\u00e1lenost udr\u017e\u00ed pu\u0161kohled p\u0159i zp\u011btn\u00e9m r\u00e1zu v bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti od va\u0161eho obo\u010d\u00ed. Eye box<\/strong> je pou\u017eiteln\u00fd prostor za optikou, ve kter\u00e9m se m\u016f\u017ee va\u0161e oko nach\u00e1zet, a p\u0159esto vid\u011bt pln\u00fd obraz bez st\u00edn\u016f; v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed eye box v\u00edce toleruje nep\u0159esnou polohu hlavy, a tak zrychluje zal\u00edcen\u00ed. S rostouc\u00edm zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00edm se vzd\u00e1lenost v\u00fdstupn\u00ed pupily i eye box obecn\u011b zmen\u0161uj\u00ed, tak\u017ee poloha hlavy mus\u00ed b\u00fdt p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. To je jeden z d\u016fvod\u016f, pro\u010d je u LPVO cen\u011bno benevolentn\u00ed zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00ed 1x.<\/p>\n Paralaxa<\/strong> je zd\u00e1nliv\u00fd posun osnovy v\u016f\u010di c\u00edli ve chv\u00edli, kdy se va\u0161e oko vych\u00fdl\u00ed z optick\u00e9 osy. Do zhruba 150 yard\u016f to v\u011bt\u0161inou neb\u00fdv\u00e1 probl\u00e9m, ale s rostouc\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenost\u00ed a zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00edm se chyba paralaxy zv\u011bt\u0161uje. Chcete-li si ji zkontrolovat, podep\u0159ete pu\u0161ku ve stabiln\u00ed poloze a p\u0159i sledov\u00e1n\u00ed osnovy m\u00edrn\u011b pohn\u011bte hlavou; pokud osnova po c\u00edli \u201eplave\u201c, upravujte bo\u010dn\u00ed ost\u0159en\u00ed, dokud tento pohyb nezmiz\u00ed.<\/p>\n Kolim\u00e1tor v kombinaci s v\u00fdklopn\u00fdm modulem zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00ed je hlavn\u00ed alternativou k LPVO pro st\u0159elce, kte\u0159\u00ed cht\u011bj\u00ed rychlost na bl\u00edzko v kombinaci s ur\u010dit\u00fdm zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00edm. Zv\u011bt\u0161ovac\u00ed modul, obvykle s pevn\u00fdm zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00edm 3x nebo 4x, se montuje za kolim\u00e1tor. Pro st\u0159elbu na d\u00e1lku se p\u0159eklop\u00ed do zorn\u00e9ho pole a p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci na bl\u00edzko se odklop\u00ed stranou, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se rychl\u00fdm pohybem obnov\u00ed pohled p\u0159es kolim\u00e1tor se skute\u010dn\u00fdm zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00edm 1x. Oproti tomu LPVO nab\u00edz\u00ed plynul\u00e9, prom\u011bnn\u00e9 zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00ed a jemn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed m\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed na d\u00e1lku. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e1 z variant nen\u00ed univerz\u00e1ln\u011b lep\u0161\u00ed: kolim\u00e1tor s magnifierem p\u0159eje rychl\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci na bl\u00edzko s ob\u010dasn\u00fdm z\u00e1sahem na v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed d\u00e1lku, zat\u00edmco LPVO up\u0159ednostn\u00ed st\u0159elci, kte\u0159\u00ed po\u017eaduj\u00ed plynulou flexibilitu zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00ed. Spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 volba z\u00e1vis\u00ed na va\u0161ich prim\u00e1rn\u00edch vzd\u00e1lenostech.<\/p>\n Zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00ed je o kompromisech: v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed pom\u00e1h\u00e1 p\u0159esnosti na d\u00e1lku, ale zu\u017euje zorn\u00e9 pole, zmen\u0161uje eye box a zpomaluje zachycen\u00ed c\u00edle na bl\u00edzko. Mezi rozumn\u00e9 v\u00fdchoz\u00ed body pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n Toto jsou v\u00fdchoz\u00ed doporu\u010den\u00ed, ne pevn\u00e1 pravidla \u2013 spr\u00e1vn\u00fd v\u00fdb\u011br z\u00e1vis\u00ed na zbrani, n\u00e1boji, prost\u0159ed\u00ed a zku\u0161enostech st\u0159elce. V\u017edy se vyplat\u00ed vyzkou\u0161et si optiku p\u0159\u00edmo na zbrani a ov\u011b\u0159it si, \u017ee se s n\u00ed dok\u00e1\u017eete rychle a \u010dist\u011b srovnat na c\u00edl.<\/p>\n Jakmile si vyberete optiku, p\u0159ipev\u0148uje se na zbra\u0148 pomoc\u00ed sady mont\u00e1\u017e\u00ed<\/a>, tak\u017ee stoj\u00ed za to zv\u00e1\u017eit oboj\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u011b. M\u016f\u017eete si prohl\u00e9dnout na\u0161i kompletn\u00ed nab\u00eddku pu\u0161kohled\u016f<\/a>, v\u010detn\u011b zna\u010dek jako Tangent Theta<\/a>, nebo n\u00e1s nav\u0161t\u00edvit ve Varn\u011b a p\u0159ed rozhodnut\u00edm se p\u0159es optiku sami pod\u00edvat.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Zv\u011bt\u0161ovac\u00ed pu\u0161kohled pln\u00ed dv\u011b funkce najednou: p\u0159ibli\u017euje obraz c\u00edle a p\u0159ekr\u00fdv\u00e1 jej z\u00e1m\u011brn\u00fdm obrazcem, kter\u00e9mu se \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 osnova. V\u00fdb\u011br se zu\u017euje na pochopen\u00ed n\u011bkolika pojm\u016f \u2013 zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00ed, ohniskov\u00e1 rovina, osnova, vzd\u00e1lenost v\u00fdstupn\u00ed pupily a paralaxa \u2013 a jejich p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenostem, na kter\u00e9 skute\u010dn\u011b st\u0159\u00edl\u00edte. Tento pr\u016fvodce vysv\u011btluje ka\u017ed\u00fd z nich srozumiteln\u00fdm jazykem. Jak \u010d\u00edst \u010d\u00edseln\u00e9 […]\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[17746],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-779300","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-pruvodce"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbg.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/779300","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbg.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbg.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbg.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=779300"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/nbg.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/779300\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":779509,"href":"https:\/\/nbg.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/779300\/revisions\/779509"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbg.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=779300"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbg.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=779300"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbg.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=779300"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Hlavn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti<\/h2>\n
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Pu\u0161kohledy s mal\u00fdm prom\u011bnn\u00fdm zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00edm (LPVO)<\/h2>\n
Prvn\u00ed ohniskov\u00e1 rovina (FFP) versus druh\u00e1 ohniskov\u00e1 rovina (SFP)<\/h2>\n
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B\u011b\u017en\u00e9 typy osnov<\/h2>\n
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Vzd\u00e1lenost v\u00fdstupn\u00ed pupily, eye box a paralaxa<\/h2>\n
Alternativa: kolim\u00e1tor s modulem zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00ed<\/h2>\n
Volba zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00ed podle \u00fa\u010delu<\/h2>\n
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Kde za\u010d\u00edt<\/h2>\n