Kolim\u00e1tor je jedn\u00fdm z najbe\u017enej\u0161\u00edch vylep\u0161en\u00ed modern\u00fdch kr\u00e1tkych zbran\u00ed a karab\u00edn, a to z dobr\u00e9ho d\u00f4vodu: zjednodu\u0161uje mierenie na jedin\u00fd \u00fakon. Umiestnite bod na cie\u013e, stla\u010d\u00edte sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165. Tento sprievodca vysvet\u013euje, \u010do to kolim\u00e1tor vlastne je, ako t\u00e1to optika premieta pl\u00e1vaj\u00faci bod a ako hlavn\u00e9 kon\u0161truk\u010dn\u00e9 prvky — typ \u017eiari\u010da, ve\u013ekos\u0165 bodu, z\u00e1mern\u00e1 osnova a jas — ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa spr\u00e1vanie zameriava\u010da v praxi.<\/p>\n
Vo v\u0161eobecnosti je reflexn\u00fd zameriava\u010d ak\u00e1ko\u013evek optika, ktor\u00e1 prekr\u00fdva zorn\u00e9 pole svietiacou z\u00e1mernou osnovou — zvy\u010dajne z LED di\u00f3dy — premietanou na \u0161o\u0161ovku. \u0160tandardn\u00fd kolim\u00e1tor bez zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161enia, ak\u00fd v\u00eddate na pi\u0161toliach a pu\u0161k\u00e1ch, je reflexn\u00fd kolim\u00e1tor<\/em>. Pozer\u00e1te sa cez \u010diasto\u010dne zrkadlov\u00fa \u0161o\u0161ovku a vid\u00edte osvetlen\u00fd z\u00e1mern\u00fd bod, zvy\u010dajne bodku, ktor\u00e1 akoby pl\u00e1vala na cieli.<\/p>\n Ke\u010f\u017ee z\u00e1mern\u00fa osnovu vytv\u00e1ra samotn\u00fd zameriava\u010d — nie je nama\u013eovan\u00e1 na skle a nie je ani s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou samotnej zbrane — umiestnenie bodu na cie\u013e predstavuje cel\u00fd proces zamierenia. Pr\u00e1ve to je d\u00f4vod, pre\u010do s\u00fa kolim\u00e1tory zn\u00e1me svojou r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou a pre\u010do na obrann\u00fdch a slu\u017eobn\u00fdch zbraniach do ve\u013ekej miery nahradili mechanick\u00e9 mieridl\u00e1. Pojmy \u201e\u010derven\u00fd bod\u201c, \u201ereflexn\u00fd zameriava\u010d\u201c a \u201ekolim\u00e1tor\u201c sa \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa ako synonym\u00e1. \u017diari\u010dom b\u00fdva naj\u010dastej\u0161ie \u010derven\u00e1 LED di\u00f3da, no mnoh\u00e9 zameriava\u010de pon\u00fakaj\u00fa aj zelen\u00fa; princ\u00edp fungovania zost\u00e1va rovnak\u00fd.<\/p>\n \u0160tandardn\u00fd kolim\u00e1tor vyu\u017e\u00edva svetlo emituj\u00facu di\u00f3du (LED) umiestnen\u00fa v ohnisku kolima\u010dnej optiky, ktor\u00e1 vytv\u00e1ra z\u00e1mern\u00fa osnovu v tvare bodu. \u0160o\u0161ovka smeruj\u00faca k v\u00e1m je zakriven\u00e1 a m\u00e1 \u010diasto\u010dne postriebren\u00fa, vlnovo selekt\u00edvnu vrstvu, ktorej \u00falohou je odr\u00e1\u017ea\u0165 len \u010derven\u00fa \u010das\u0165 spektra, zatia\u013e \u010do v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina ostatn\u00e9ho svetla \u0148ou bez probl\u00e9mov prech\u00e1dza.<\/p>\n Zjednodu\u0161ene povedan\u00e9, t\u00e1to povrchov\u00e1 \u00faprava odr\u00e1\u017ea \u00fazke p\u00e1smo svetla vy\u017earovan\u00e9ho LED di\u00f3dou sp\u00e4\u0165 do v\u00e1\u0161ho oka, zatia\u013e \u010do takmer v\u0161etko ostatn\u00e9 prep\u00fa\u0161\u0165a, tak\u017ee st\u00e1le vid\u00edte jasn\u00fd cie\u013e. S\u00fdto\u010derven\u00e9 LED di\u00f3dy s vlnovou d\u013a\u017ekou pribli\u017ene 670 nanometrov sa \u010dasto vyberaj\u00fa preto, lebo s\u00fa jasn\u00e9, dobre kontrastuj\u00fa s prirodzen\u00fdm pozad\u00edm a dobre funguj\u00fa s t\u00fdmito vrstvami.<\/p>\n Vzh\u013eadom na to, \u017ee LED di\u00f3da sa nach\u00e1dza v ohnisku zakrivenej \u0161o\u0161ovky, svetlo vych\u00e1dzaj\u00face zo \u0161o\u0161ovky je kolimovan\u00e9<\/em> — l\u00fa\u010de vych\u00e1dzaj\u00fa v podstate paralelne, akoby sa bod nach\u00e1dzal ve\u013emi \u010faleko. Zameriava\u010d vrh\u00e1 tento paraleln\u00fd zv\u00e4zok \u010derven\u00e9ho svetla sp\u00e4\u0165 do v\u00e1\u0161ho oka a va\u0161e oko zaostren\u00e9 na cie\u013e vn\u00edma tento zv\u00e4zok ako bod nach\u00e1dzaj\u00faci sa na cieli, a nie na skle.<\/p>\n Kolim\u00e1tory s\u00fa be\u017ene propagovan\u00e9 ako zameriava\u010de \u201ebez paralaxy\u201c. V praxi to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee mal\u00e9 zmeny polohy v\u00e1\u0161ho oka pr\u00edli\u0161 nepos\u00favaj\u00fa zdanliv\u00fd bod z\u00e1sahu — \u010do je skuto\u010dnou v\u00fdhodou pri r\u00fdchlej stre\u013ebe alebo z ne\u0161tandardn\u00fdch pol\u00f4h.<\/p>\n Na tomto upresnen\u00ed v\u0161ak z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed. Kolimovan\u00fd obraz je skuto\u010dne bez paralaxy iba v nekone\u010dne, pri\u010dom pri akomko\u013evek cieli v kone\u010dnej vzdialenosti vznik\u00e1 mal\u00e1 kruhov\u00e1 odch\u00fdlka. Niektor\u00ed v\u00fdrobcovia ladia optick\u00e9 zaostrenie tak, aby minimalizovali paralaxu na zvolen\u00fa vzdialenos\u0165, \u010dasto pribli\u017ene na 25–50 m. Pojem \u201ebez paralaxy\u201c ch\u00e1pte ako \u201eve\u013emi n\u00edzku paralaxu na praktick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely\u201c, nie ako \u201enulov\u00fa odch\u00fdlku na ka\u017ed\u00fa vzdialenos\u0165\u201c. Zvy\u0161kov\u00e1 odch\u00fdlka je ohrani\u010den\u00e1 ve\u013ekos\u0165ou optick\u00e9ho okna, tak\u017ee je mal\u00e1 — na\u010falej je v\u0161ak dobrou praxou udr\u017eiava\u0165 bod rozumne vycentrovan\u00fd v okne.<\/p>\n Reflexn\u00e9 zameriava\u010de sa vyr\u00e1baj\u00fa v dvoch hlavn\u00fdch kon\u0161truk\u010dn\u00fdch \u0161t\u00fdloch, pri\u010dom rozdiel spo\u010d\u00edva najm\u00e4 v tom, kde je LED \u017eiari\u010d umiestnen\u00fd a ako dobre je chr\u00e1nen\u00fd.<\/p>\n V zameriava\u010doch s otvoren\u00fdm \u017eiari\u010dom<\/strong> je \u017eiari\u010d umiestnen\u00fd za sklom a zozadu je otvoren\u00fd. Tieto modely b\u00fdvaj\u00fa men\u0161ie, \u013eah\u0161ie, zvy\u010dajne lacnej\u0161ie a pon\u00fakaj\u00fa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie zorn\u00e9 pole, \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje r\u00fdchle zameranie cie\u013ea a pom\u00e1ha udr\u017ea\u0165 si preh\u013ead o situ\u00e1cii. Da\u0148ou za to je odkrytos\u0165: r\u00e1m vytv\u00e1ra ak\u00fasi misku, do ktorej sa m\u00f4\u017ee dosta\u0165 voda, sneh, blato alebo prach z vreciek, a usaden\u00e9 ne\u010distoty m\u00f4\u017eu zablokova\u0165 premietan\u00fd bod. Ich vy\u010distenie m\u00f4\u017ee znamena\u0165 nutnos\u0165 siahnu\u0165 do vn\u00fatra prstom alebo ruk\u00e1vom ko\u0161ele.<\/p>\n V zameriava\u010doch s uzavret\u00fdm \u017eiari\u010dom<\/strong> je \u017eiari\u010d utesnen\u00fd medzi dvoma sklami. Vo v\u0161eobecnosti s\u00fa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie, maj\u00fa tvar krabi\u010dky alebo tubusu a zvy\u010dajne s\u00fa drah\u0161ie, av\u0161ak utesnen\u00e1 kon\u0161trukcia chr\u00e1ni \u017eiari\u010d pred blatom, da\u017e\u010fom a prachom. Ak sa predn\u00e1 \u0161o\u0161ovka za\u0161pin\u00ed, zvy\u010dajne ju sta\u010d\u00ed len povrchovo utrie\u0165. Riziko zablokovania \u017eiari\u010da predstavuje hlavn\u00fd kompromis v spo\u013eahlivosti medzi t\u00fdmito dvoma kon\u0161trukciami. Jedna praktick\u00e1 pozn\u00e1mka k nastaveniu: pri plne uzavretom tubusovom zameriava\u010di sa pri nastavovan\u00ed v\u00fd\u0161ky a stranovej korekcie pohybuje cel\u00e1 zostava, zatia\u013e \u010do otvoren\u00fd \u017eiari\u010d m\u00e1 jednu \u0161o\u0161ovku, ktor\u00e1 je zvy\u010dajne chr\u00e1nen\u00e1 v malom kryte.<\/p>\n Tak \u010di onak, kolim\u00e1tor potrebuje bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 a opakovate\u013en\u00e9 upnutie. Na\u0161a ponuka mont\u00e1\u017e\u00ed na kolim\u00e1tory<\/a> pokr\u00fdva be\u017en\u00e9 mont\u00e1\u017ene \u0161tandardy pre pi\u0161tole a karab\u00edny.<\/p>\n Ve\u013ekos\u0165 bodu sa ud\u00e1va v MOA<\/strong>, \u010do je uhlov\u00e1 jednotka. Z praktick\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska sa 1 MOA spravidla zaokr\u00fah\u013euje na pribli\u017ene 1 palec na 100 yardov. Ke\u010f\u017ee bod m\u00e1 uhlov\u00fa ve\u013ekos\u0165, fyzick\u00e1 plocha cie\u013ea, ktor\u00fa prekr\u00fdva, rastie so vzdialenos\u0165ou.<\/p>\n V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie body v rozmedz\u00ed zhruba 4–8 MOA sa r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie zameriavaj\u00fa a s\u00fa dobre prisp\u00f4soben\u00e9 stre\u013ebe na bl\u00edzko; men\u0161ie body vyhovuj\u00fa dlh\u0161\u00edm vzdialenostiam, kde z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na tom, aby bod prekr\u00fdval \u010do najmen\u0161iu \u010das\u0165 cie\u013ea. Je dobr\u00e9 pam\u00e4ta\u0165 si: zv\u00fd\u0161enie jasu m\u00f4\u017ee sp\u00f4sobi\u0165, \u017ee bod bude p\u00f4sobi\u0165 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie a bude sa \u201erozp\u00edja\u0165\u201c. Pre presn\u00fa stre\u013ebu pou\u017e\u00edvajte najni\u017e\u0161\u00ed jas, pri ktorom si bod zachov\u00e1va ostr\u00e9 okraje.<\/p>\n V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina reflexn\u00fdch zameriava\u010dov pou\u017e\u00edva jednoduch\u00fd bod, ale existuj\u00fa aj in\u00e9 obrazce. Osnova s bodom a kruhom kombinuje mal\u00fd stredov\u00fd bod umiestnen\u00fd vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161om kruhu: kruh pri\u0165ahuje zrak pre r\u00fdchle zameranie zbl\u00edzka, zatia\u013e \u010do stredov\u00fd bod sa pou\u017e\u00edva na presn\u00fa stre\u013ebu. Komplexnej\u0161ie obrazce, ako napr\u00edklad kr\u00ed\u017ee, s\u00fa na jednoduch\u00fdch reflexn\u00fdch zameriava\u010doch zriedkavej\u0161ie a vy\u017eaduj\u00fa si zlo\u017eitej\u0161iu optiku. To, \u010di v\u00e1m dan\u00e1 osnova pom\u00f4\u017ee, je vecou preferenci\u00ed a tr\u00e9ningu.<\/p>\n Ke\u010f\u017ee kolim\u00e1tory s\u00fa elektronick\u00e9 zariadenia, ich pou\u017e\u00edvanie zah\u0155\u0148a aj nap\u00e1janie a nastavenie jasu. Viacero \u00farovn\u00ed intenzity udr\u017euje bod vidite\u013en\u00fd na jasnom pozad\u00ed bez toho, aby sa pri slabom osvetlen\u00ed rozp\u00edjal, a zameriava\u010de kompatibiln\u00e9 s no\u010dn\u00fdm viden\u00edm maj\u00fa svoje najni\u017e\u0161ie nastavenia vyhraden\u00e9 pr\u00e1ve pre pou\u017eitie s pr\u00edstrojmi no\u010dn\u00e9ho videnia. Mnoh\u00e9 slu\u017eobn\u00e9 zameriava\u010de funguj\u00fa na be\u017en\u00fa gomb\u00edkov\u00fa bat\u00e9riu a dlh\u00e1 v\u00fddr\u017e je ich v\u00fdznamnou prednos\u0165ou — preto mnoh\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvatelia nech\u00e1vaj\u00fa optiku zapnut\u00fa nepretr\u017eite a bat\u00e9riu menia pod\u013ea kalend\u00e1ra namiesto toho, aby sa spoliehali na jej vyp\u00ednanie. Extr\u00e9mny chlad m\u00f4\u017ee skr\u00e1ti\u0165 v\u00fddr\u017e bat\u00e9rie. V\u017edy si overte typ bat\u00e9rie, v\u00fddr\u017e a interval v\u00fdmeny pre v\u00e1\u0161 konkr\u00e9tny model, preto\u017ee tieto hodnoty sa l\u00ed\u0161ia v z\u00e1vislosti od zameriava\u010da a nastavenia.<\/p>\n Zna\u010dky ako Holosun<\/a> pon\u00fakaj\u00fa zameriava\u010de s v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou z t\u00fdchto kombin\u00e1ci\u00ed \u017eiari\u010dov, ve\u013ekost\u00ed bodov a z\u00e1mern\u00fdch osnov, \u010do zjednodu\u0161uje v\u00fdber optiky presne pod\u013ea v\u00e1\u0161ho \u0161t\u00fdlu stre\u013eby.<\/p>\n Z\u00e1sadnou v\u00fdhodou kolim\u00e1tora oproti mechanick\u00fdm mieridl\u00e1m je jedna ohniskov\u00e1 rovina<\/strong>. Pri mechanick\u00fdch mieridl\u00e1ch mus\u00ed oko zaostrova\u0165 na cie\u013enik, mu\u0161ku a cie\u013e v r\u00f4znych vzdialenostiach. Kolim\u00e1tor v\u00e1m umo\u017e\u0148uje s\u00fastredi\u0165 sa priamo na cie\u013e namiesto mu\u0161ky, \u010do dovo\u013euje stre\u013ebu s oboma o\u010dami otvoren\u00fdmi pre \u0161ir\u0161ie perif\u00e9rne videnie, r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie zameranie cie\u013ea, neobmedzen\u00fd v\u00fdh\u013ead a lep\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdkon pri slabom osvetlen\u00ed v\u010faka svietiacej osnove. Kolim\u00e1tor v\u0161ak nie je nadraden\u00fd v ka\u017edej situ\u00e1cii: z\u00e1vis\u00ed od bat\u00e9rie a elektroniky, \u017eiari\u010d alebo \u0161o\u0161ovka sa m\u00f4\u017eu zablokova\u0165 a pre konzistentn\u00e9 zal\u00edcovanie je potrebn\u00fd tr\u00e9ning. Mnoho strelcov si preto ponech\u00e1va z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00e9 (co-witness) mechanick\u00e9 mieridl\u00e1.<\/p>\n Nieko\u013eko typov optiky vyzer\u00e1 cez sklo podobne, ale funguj\u00fa odli\u0161ne. Reflexn\u00fd kolim\u00e1tor odr\u00e1\u017ea bod z LED di\u00f3dy od potiahnut\u00e9ho skla pri 1-n\u00e1sobnom zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161en\u00ed. Holografick\u00fd zameriava\u010d premieta na sklo laserom generovan\u00fd hologram, na pou\u017eitie na kr\u00e1tkych zbraniach je pr\u00edli\u0161 ve\u013ek\u00fd a \u0165a\u017ek\u00fd, a jeho osnova si zachov\u00e1va rovnak\u00fa ve\u013ekos\u0165 aj pod zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ovac\u00edm modulom. Zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ovacia alebo prizmatick\u00e1 optika vyu\u017e\u00edva \u0161o\u0161ovky na zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161enie obrazu, \u010do so sebou prin\u00e1\u0161a obmedzenia t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa vzdialenosti oka (eye-relief) a paralaxy, ktor\u00fdm sa kolim\u00e1tor do ve\u013ekej miery vyh\u00fdba — tolerancia kolim\u00e1tora na polohu oka tie\u017e vyhovuje zbraniam so siln\u00fdm sp\u00e4tn\u00fdm r\u00e1zom. Pre reflexn\u00e9 aj holografick\u00e9 zameriava\u010de existuj\u00fa zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ovacie moduly, no ani jeden z nich nepon\u00faka zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161enie v z\u00e1kladnej v\u00fdbave. Ak naopak pracujete so zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ovacou optikou, na\u0161e mont\u00e1\u017ee na pu\u0161koh\u013eady<\/a> pokr\u00fdvaj\u00fa t\u00fato oblas\u0165 sortimentu.<\/p>\n Ak by ste chceli pom\u00f4c\u0165 s v\u00fdberom kolim\u00e1tora, typu \u017eiari\u010da alebo mont\u00e1\u017ee k va\u0161ej zbrani, pozrite si n\u00e1\u0161 e-shop alebo n\u00e1s nav\u0161t\u00edvte vo Varne — radi to s vami preberieme.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Kolim\u00e1tor je jedn\u00fdm z najbe\u017enej\u0161\u00edch vylep\u0161en\u00ed modern\u00fdch kr\u00e1tkych zbran\u00ed a karab\u00edn, a to z dobr\u00e9ho d\u00f4vodu: zjednodu\u0161uje mierenie na jedin\u00fd \u00fakon. Umiestnite bod na cie\u013e, stla\u010d\u00edte sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165. Tento sprievodca vysvet\u013euje, \u010do to kolim\u00e1tor vlastne je, ako t\u00e1to optika premieta pl\u00e1vaj\u00faci bod a ako hlavn\u00e9 kon\u0161truk\u010dn\u00e9 prvky — typ \u017eiari\u010da, ve\u013ekos\u0165 bodu, z\u00e1mern\u00e1 osnova a jas […]\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[17747],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-779272","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-sprievodcovia"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbg.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/779272","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbg.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbg.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbg.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=779272"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/nbg.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/779272\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":779296,"href":"https:\/\/nbg.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/779272\/revisions\/779296"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nbg.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=779272"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbg.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=779272"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nbg.eu\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=779272"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Ako optika funguje<\/h2>\n
Koncept \u201ebez paralaxy\u201c — a jeho limity<\/h2>\n
Kon\u0161trukcie s otvoren\u00fdm \u017eiari\u010dom v porovnan\u00ed s uzavret\u00fdm \u017eiari\u010dom<\/h2>\n
Ve\u013ekos\u0165 bodu v MOA: r\u00fdchlos\u0165 verzus presnos\u0165<\/h2>\n
\n
Z\u00e1mern\u00e1 osnova, jas a bat\u00e9ria<\/h2>\n
Porovnanie kolim\u00e1torov s in\u00fdmi mieridlami<\/h2>\n